STEP 2: Calculate the width of your DIY picture frame before cutting it. The first step is to set up your mitre box. Making your own photo frames is easy if you follow these basic instructions. How do you go about creating a custom frame? What is the approximate cost of framing a canvas print?ĭepending on the size of the picture and the thickness of the stretcher bar you pick, your cost might vary anywhere from $8 to $20 per linear foot ($50 to $150 per print) depending on the quality of the print. Attach the artwork on the mat using masking tape. Make the necessary cuts and take the necessary measurements. Paint the frame in a bright colour (s) Select one or two paint colours that are complementary to the colour scheme of your house. When I go to secondhand shops, I prefer to load up on wooden frames from the 1970s to 1980s. How to Frame Artwork on a Shoestring Budget Find a suitable frame. What is the most cost-effective way to frame a picture? We’ll assist you in selecting the ideal frame from among more than 450 mouldings, more than 300 archival matting, and four UV-blocking glazings. You should think about this before purchasing a poster, but if you already have one, you will have to select the best choice from the available options.Ī unique frame for your family photo or an entire gallery wall of prints may be created by our Certified Framing Experts, no matter what kind of art you have. The following factors will be taken into consideration while matting your poster: Dimensions of the poster: Some posters are of an unusual size and will not fit into a generic size frame unless they are framed with a mat or the poster is chopped to suit the frame (if possible). for custom framing if you have a 50 percent off coupon in your wallet? Is it normally any cheaper at Micahel’s/Hobby Lobby/etc. When you include the frame and matting, the framing will cost you $100 or more. Of course, the prints themselves are affordable, with prices ranging from less than $30 to less than $50 depending on the size. I’m wondering how much it would cost to frame a photo at Hobby Lobby? Thus, the price paid by the frame shop is high, and since the frame shop must also make a profit, the price paid by the buyer is much greater. When seen through the prism of the wholesaler, all cost increases imposed by the manufacturer are amplified tenfold. What is the source of the high cost of framing? Mirrors & Wall Decor – Home Decor & Frames | Hobby Lobby Is it possible to frame mirrors at Hobby Lobby? In the United States, a 7×5-inch double-mat, clear-glass mounting for a picture costs around $120, while an 8×10 conservation-glass frame for a college diploma costs approximately $200. The frames themselves may be purchased for as little as $16 per foot to as much as $200 per foot. The price of custom framing is very variable and depends on the materials used to construct the frame. And now, each of our more than 700 locations is equipped with a skilled custom-framing division How much does it cost to have anything professionally framed in this case? Hobby Lobby began as a frame company operated out of the owner’s house. So, how much does it cost to frame a poster, just to be clear?įurthermore, does Hobby Lobby provide diploma framing services?Ĭustom framing is available at Hobby Lobby. To learn more about custom framing at Hobby Lobby, click here. Because Hobby Lobby offers a broad variety of custom framing choices, your project might cost anywhere from $40 to more than $600, depending on the size of the picture and the style of frame, glass, and mat you choose.
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The only exception? You'll add the listed amount of ice to the coffee pot before you hit "brew," so the hot coffee will chill instantly as it brews. That said, start with the exact quantities of coffee grounds and water above, and you'll pretty much brew your coffee the same way you normally would. Both factors contribute to a very possible reality that your brew will end up stronger and more bitter than the traditional Japanese-style method would. That's because standard drip coffee machines don't extract from the coffee grounds nearly as evenly as the pour-over method, and the water itself tends to be much hotter. For this method, you'll use your standard drip coffee-maker - no frills necessary.īig disclaimer here: You might need to mess around with the ratios a bit, depending on how the first batch tastes. I told you I'd leave you with the lowest-effort method for making an iced coffee that's similar to the directions above, and I'm keeping my promise. Considering that I'll likely be making this a permanent switch in my morning routine, we're actually talking about hundreds of dollars in savings here, folks. Using that ratio plus the exact quantities and coffee beans above, that cold brew method's cost per serving falls right around $1.50 per glass, which is quite literally twice as expensive as Japanese-style.Įither way, 75 cents is a whole lot cheaper than the $7 I spent on one coffee at my local café, so even if I only made my own iced coffee three times a week, I'd still save around $75 a month (!!!). To account for the fact that the room temperature water has a harder time extracting all of that coffee goodness, using more coffee is inherently necessary. Comparatively, my favorite DIY cold brew recipe uses a coffee-to-water ratio of about 1:7.Using the recipe above, Japanese-style iced coffee uses a coffee-to-water ratio of about 1:15. Considering the quantities above and the price of the coffee beans I used, the cost per serving comes out to just about 75 cents per glass - and that's using relatively pricey coffee beans ($15 for 12 ounces).To break down the cost efficiency a little bit more, let's do some math: You can discard the paper filter and coffee grounds once the majority of the water has passed through (and the dripping has almost entirely stopped). It'll likely take about two additional pouring cycles, but that may vary depending on the size and shape of your pour-over device.Įither way, the brewing process itself should take about three to three and a half minutes. Allow the water to mostly drip through before you resume. Then slowly pour the remaining hot water in your kettle over the bloomed coffee grounds in slow, even circles, making sure to pause when the water level reaches halfway up the paper filter. WITHOUT A SCALE: Slowly pour hot water over the coffee grounds until they're just saturated, which will "bloom" the coffee. Then slowly pour the remaining 203 grams of water over the bloomed coffee grounds in concentric circles, pausing when the water level reaches halfway up the paper filter and allowing the water to mostly drip through before resuming. USING A SCALE: Slowly pour 72 grams of hot water over the coffee grounds to "bloom" the coffee, and wait 30 seconds as the coffee likely expands and bubbles. Here's where things can get as precise or as unfussy as you'd prefer: Our baby food is just like homemade, without having to actually make it yourself-made with ingredients you can trust. We chose recyclable pouches to make toddler meal prep easier for moms, dads, and caretakers. Our grab-n-go pouches were designed to make parenthood easier-each recipe was once dreamt up in our own home kitchen to make baby food yummy, nutritious, and fun. Every colorful veggie blended into our squeezable purees are Non-GMO and certified USDA Organic, grown on healthy, nutrient-rich soil. We want the best for your babe(s)-and ours. Serenity Kids veggie purees are great for those living a plant-based lifestyle or looking for vegan baby food (or meat-eaters, too!) Designed with simple ingredients for early flavor introductions, whatever your dietary preferences are, we have a pouch for your family’s lifestyle. Our vegetable puree pouches are made from high-quality farm-to-high-chair ingredients because #EveryBiteCounts®. All of our baby food is low in sugar, high in healthy fats, and free from sugary fruits, grains, eggs, nuts, dairy, gluten, added sugars, preservatives, artificial sweeteners, GMOs, and additives. If we are going to change the way the future generation eats, it has to be accessible.Serenity Kids nutrient-dense veggie pouched purees are packed with protein, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants for growing babies and toddlers. “There is room in the market, and for everyone to target different parents and price points,” Sturzenegger said. Venture capital firms have taken notice, pumping fresh capital into food companies focused on infants and children, like Little Spoon, which raised $44 million in Series B funding in July, while Serenity Kids, offering low-sugar baby food, took in $7 million in Series A funding in June. As such, the global baby food market was valued at $67.3 billion in 2019, and is expected to grow to $96.3 billion by 2027, with $6.3 billion of that revenue coming from the U.S. Meanwhile, the shift to nutrition is providing room for many startups to disrupt the baby and child food market. Over the next 12 months, Sturzenegger plans to get Amara’s products into more grocery stores. In addition to grocery stores, the company sells via its website, Amazon and grocery stores mostly in California, but in Sprouts nationwide. The funding will enable Amara to grow fast to meet the demand as it invests in hiring, product development and brand awareness. “Amara has proven an impressive ability to scale through retail distribution and e-commerce excellence, and the funding and industry expertise from Eat Well Group will help accelerate Amara’s growth as we head into 2022,” said Marc Aneed, president of Eat Well Group, in a written statement. Little Spoon scoops up $44M to grow its children’s nutrition delivery service Organic BPA Free Highlights Ethically Sourced Free Range Chicken from Regenerative Farms in the U.S.A. Prior to taking the Series A dollars, Amara was already profitable on every order in fact, it was growing three times year over year organically and through word of mouth, but after the baby food report came out in February, Sturzenegger said the company garnered increased attention by both parents and venture capital firms. “Studies show that the food you eat from zero to seven years old impacts how you think, feel and perform later on in life,” Sturzenegger told TechCrunch “‘You are what you eat’ may be a cliché, but studies show it is also true, and parents are paying attention.” This year, Amara expanded on that to produce its Yogurt Smoothie Melts, which Sturzenegger touts as “the only melt-in-mouth snacks for babies and toddlers without any added sugar.” By contrast, Amara’s meals start as low as $1.80 per meal, in keeping with the company’s mission to provide products that cater to a wider range of family budgets. Packaged foods found on grocery shelves today often are fruit-based and high in sugar, coming in at a price point of $3 to $7 per meal and which also have to be kept cold or frozen, she added. You have routes in Japan, the USA, and the UK. There are a decent number of routes in the game, and from the research my ignorant self did, people who are into this kind of thing seem to be happy with the level of authenticity that some of these routes have. Overall this awesome game is excellent with these nice scenes and features in microsoft train simulator download windows 10 Traveling Around The World in Microsoft Train Simulator In this game, players who are enthusiasts of hardcore train rides will be able to operate the train completely separately like dynamic brakes, locomotive brakes, and train brakes. Some animated controls and real-life supplements will be displayed. Microsoft train simulator 2017 comes with these six different routes almost covering 600 miles. This game contains good sound effects to feel you the reality. You have to accelerate or stop the train. You can use your PC controls such as a keyboard, mouse, or other controllers such as a Rail driver to operate the train. In this game Microsoft train simulator download pc you can simulate the train on different routes of Europe, the USA, or Asia. This Game Microsoft train simulator 2017 was released in July 2001.in ocean of games It is published by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows. Today we brought you a new game developed by Kuju Entertainment, Microsoft Train Simulator. It is one of the very Amazing simulation games Ocean of Games Microsoft Train Simulator Pc Game Overview The activity is found on Also, they're talking about Trainsim2 to be released in June 2004.Microsoft Train Simulator Free Download PC game setup with these direct single links for Pc. You have to have the origional Sandpatch add-on and I think some other downloads. There is now an activity where you crash into another train ON PURPOSE! Go to and click on the Sandpatch route for details. Good train simulator addons can be found at (you do have to register) Quality of those add-ons depend, but ive heard most of them work just fine.īy the way, any opinions on how Microsoft keeps changing the release date of Train Simulator 2? While I havent tried this, but you uncouple some cars from your train, go some distance, turn around and come back at full speed towards the cars. You cannot hit another train in the explore route mode, since you are the only train there. You cannot do that in activity modes, since you cannot pass a red light (it automatically ends the activity) and cannot align switches to get into the path of oncoming trains. I have enjoyed the game for 1 1/2 years, and I really like it.Įarlier a question was asked about crashing two trains together. It's the answer to running trains through three states, without going outside! And there are folks all over the world who want to learn about the technical side of the hobby, of railroading and model railroading in the United States of America! My query is, how much of this is compatable? Will the Aurans Trainz run MSTS and vice versa? Enjoy your Virtual Hobby! I can tell you if you keep studying the tutorial and can lay track, build a model railroad, then after a while you'll begin to look for new challenges. Print the tutorial and make a folder to do your homework. These programs are just a little more than answering e-mail, However if I can, you can, so just do it! Download the tutorials, most sites offer Adobe Acrobat 5.0 as freeware so store these downloads in your program files. 3rd PlanIt, from offers a great demo with limits(and SD40's)! TrainzProRoutes is offering a Clinchfield scenario thats fantastic. My base of ops are MR, and Trains, so I started with the websites listed and studied the links. Not! I went surfing last night after my usual 250 word theme went missing, and found residual results off the websites listed. This is because your purchase of the FaderPort 8 includes PreSonus’ DAW Studio One Artist and several other software tools to help you start recording via a computer. If you are new to recording, then the FaderPort may be particularly attractive. Four programmable User buttons enable you to put your most-needed DAW functions right where you need them.Īdditionally, this PreSonus control surface allows you to use the faders to edit plug-in settings and bus sends. This handles crucial tasks such as track scrolling, channel banking, and other navigation needs.ĭedicated buttons make it easy to create tracks for recording, view buses, and VCAs. The main transport section of the PreSonus FaderPort 8 allows you to work more efficiently.īesides all the standard transport controls, you get general session controls such as undo/redo, solo/mute clear, track management, and more, plus you can switch automation modes instantly.Īnother solid feature on the FaderPort 8 is Session Navigator. Session Navigator controls include Track Scrolling, Channel Banking, Timeline Scrolling, and more.General session controls include Undo/Redo, Arm All, Solo/Mute Clear, and Click On/Off with tap tempo.Identify channels at a glance via 8 high-definition scribble strips.Mix with precision via 8 touch-sensitive, 100 mm motorized faders.Motorized control surface for Mac and PC.The FaderPort 8 has native support for PreSonus Studio One, and support for HUI and Mackie Control Universal protocols so you can use it with virtually any DAW software. This 8-fader control surface features 100 mm motorized, touch-sensitive faders that handle nicely and follow automation accurately.Ĭhannel controls include all the standards, such as level, pan, solo, mute, and record arm, and a full set of digital scribble strip displays also help to keep you on track. PreSonus designed the FaderPort 8 for saving time while mixing and controlling your DAW. Overall, these are our candidates for the 7 best DAW controls surfaces: Pros that demand the best are going to love our premium option, the Mackie MCU Pro.Īlso, we need to give an honorable mention to the Solid State Logic UF8, as it is one of the best choices available in the market today for control surfaces. The PreSonus FaderPort 8 is our pick for the best control surface, as it has that balance of features, portability, and comes at an affordable price.įor those that are very budget-conscious, the Behringer X-Touch Mini is our best value option. (For the ultimate roundup of portable MIDI controllers, look no further than our list of the 7 Best Portable MIDI Keyboards (For Traveling Musicians)) What Are The 7 Best DAW Control Surfaces? It may also help with physical issues such as carpal tunnel syndrome, which can arise due to extended use of the computer mouse. It will literally put the control at your fingertips, recreating part of that feeling of working with a real studio console, but without sacrificing any of the advantages a modern DAW offers. Here are the 7 best picks for all major DAWs!Ī good control surface will allow you to produce, record, and mix in a much more intuitive manner.Take full control over your music with a specialized DAW control surface.Disclosure: We may receive commissions when you click our links and make purchases. Refer back to your yearly, quarterly, and monthly practice goals at the beginning of the year and set your weekly practice goal accordingly. Next, outline WHAT you will practice in each session. Having these insurance sessions means your music practice gets a little backup, and you don’t have to fret if a last-minute opportunity crops up that causes you to miss a mid-week session. I typically schedule these “insurance” sessions on the weekend when I know I’m less likely to encounter disruptions in my schedule. You probably will not need these “insurance” sessions very often, but it’s a good idea to have them in place to ensure you hit your practice hour total, even if unexpected events disrupt your original plan. Every Sunday, take the time to schedule all of your practice sessions plus a couple of “insurance” sessions in case something comes up. Set alarms on your phone as well.ĭon’t just schedule your sessions in when you wake up in the morning. Schedule Your Practice Time Into Your Daysįirst of all, you must schedule your practice and create calendar alerts for your practice sessions, and take your practice sessions just as seriously as you take any other commitment in your life. Creating a Music Practice Schedule That Helps You Achieve Your Goalsġ. I’ll show you how to avoid the procrastination Bermuda Triangle that is: “I’ll find the time to practice later.” In today’s article, I’m going to show you how to create a music practice schedule that’s right for you. You meant to practice at the end of the day but by the time 5 pm rolled around you found yourself sprawled out on the couch browsing through Netflix. The novelty and excitement around the resolutions wears off and life does not grant you the perfect opportunity to get back on track. And yet, now that you’re in the thick of the year, you’re finding that it’s harder than expected to stick to your music goals. The new year rolled around, and you made big, ambitious music goals for the next twelve months. How do you create a music practice schedule that keeps you on track to meet your musical goals? How do you break through procrastination and so you can amaze even yourself with your level of motivation? Lillebaby products can only be shipped within the USA. Six ways to carry, including facing inches and out options. 3D mesh for max air circulation for you and baby. Wide, padded shoulder straps and waist belt – Evenly distribute baby’s weight for maximized comfort. The LLLbaby COMPLETE Airflow is versatile and ventilated and ideal for sporty parents on the go. 0:00 / 3:19 LLLbaby COMPLETE Original Tutorial - Forward Facing Carry Position LLLbaby 4.8K subscribers Subscribe 423K views 9 years ago How to instructions for carrying your baby using the. Pockets – Large zippered storage pocket, plus easy-reach pocket for storing hood and essentials.ħ. Elastic straps provide support while allowing for movement and easy adjustment.Ħ. The adjustable width gently cradles baby’s head. Extra tall, extendable torso – provides extra neck and back support and keeps taller babies secure in the carrier. Sleeping hood– Features dual adjustment points to provide tailored support for baby’s head while sleeping, sun protection while exploring, and privacy while nursing. Dual adjustment buckles simplify breastfeeding and adjusting straps on the go.Ĥ. 2-way straps – choose to wear the straps “backpack style” or with straps crossed in the back. Excellent for wearers with back issues.ģ. Lumbar Support – Great feature that increases wearing comfort, maintains healthy posture and alignment, and prevents lower back strain. The patented cupped seat adjusts to keep baby in an ergonomic position all six carries through every development stage.Ģ. The Lillebaby Complete grows with your child through all the baby wearing years, from 7 lbs to 45 lbs. Positions include Front-fetal, Front-infant, Front-outward, Front- toddler, Hip and Back carry. 6 carrying positions – and no need for an infant insert. The Airflow line features 3D breathable moisture-wicking mesh for maximum airflow and ventilation to help both baby and wearers stay cool.ġ. The LÍLLÉbaby Complete Airflow baby carrier has more carrying positions, lasts longer, and includes more features than any other buckle carrier. We also tried manual with specifying the IP and preshared key.Īm I missing anything? I think the client has some logs I could look at and post if needed. With the connecting client we have tried using Automatic and putting in the external IP of the Fortigate unit. Preshared key: filled in with a string of charactersįor Peer Options I have Accept Any Peer IDĭestination address: internal all (our entire internal subnet)Īllow inbound and Allow Outbound are checked Local Interface: Internal (this is where the instructions say port 1) If I try to use Wan 1 here it says already in use. I' m using the AutoKey tab for Phase 1 and have the following Are the external interface reference or internal interface? There is no explaination to what port 1 and port 2 stand for. What is confusing about the instructions is they refer to port 1 and port 2 on the diagrams. zimages/1/28571.gifCheck out s for the latest news, reviews and analysis on Apple in the enterprise.The client window that pops up initially says connecting then quickly disappears after a second line briefly says failed to connect. It isnt known if the upcoming Tiger 10.4.3 Update will fix the problems. Apples most recent update, 10.4.2, created a new problem that causes Adobe Systems Inc.s InDesign to crash when the Mac user tries to open or save an InDesign file on a Windows server. The Tiger updates dont always improve networking. In early July, Apani Networks updated its Nortel Networks Contivity VPN Client for Mac OS X for Tiger compatibility. Users can connect to CheckPoint VPN systems with VPN Tracker 4 from Equinux and with IPSecuritas 2.1 from Lobomoto. Sources say that the company wont have a Tiger-compatible VPN client before the end of the year. The company says it will not release a client that isnt secure, but that it is working on a new version. Unlike Cisco, CheckPoint has not issued an update for Tiger. Version 2.1 is compatible with Tiger 10.4.1 and later.Īnother VPN client that isnt Tiger-compatible is the CheckPoint Systems Inc. IPSecuritas client from Lobomoto can also connect to Cisco concentrators. zimages/1/28571.gif Click here to read a comparison of Tiger and Windows Vista. VPN Tracker is a universal IPsec VPN client that works with a number of VPN gateways. works under Tiger 10.4.1 or later to connect to the Cisco VPN 3000 Series concentrators. Cisco has provided Unix commands that can reconnect when these problems occur.Īnother option for Cisco users is to purchase a third-party IPsec VPN client that works in Tiger. One of these prevents the VPN client from connecting when switching from networks or waking from sleep. Cisco followed up with the more stable version 4.6.04 in June, but noted that there were several unresolved problems with connecting through VPNs. A May release, version 4.6.03, caused kernel panics on dual-processor Macs, which the company acknowledged at the release. Apples 10.4.1 update fixed a kernel bug, enabling some VPN client developers to release Tiger-compatible versions.Ĭisco has released two post-Tiger versions of its Mac OS X VPN client, but some problems have persisted. Most VPN clients that worked under previous versions of Mac OS X were incompatible with Tiger 10.4.0. VPN (virtual private network) connectivity, including connecting to Cisco Systems Inc.s concentrators, is one of the more persistent problem areas. Problems in these areas are being reported in discussion forums at Apples Web site and around the Internet. Activity Directory, SMB file sharing and lower-level networking issues. Sources say that the update will fix continuing problems with integration with Microsoft Corp. A new update, version 10.4.3, is expected this summer, and will address some of the remaining problems, according to sources. Although two updates to Apple Computer Inc.s Mac OS X Tiger have fixed many compatibility problems, enterprise networking problems persist. The video was produced by Universal Music Enterprises, which has also released animated videos for classic holiday songs like "Jingle Bells" and "Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree." 7. It features an animated version of the singer celebrating the holidays with a cartoon cast of characters. You've probably never heard the original version of "Let It Snow."Īfter charting for the first time in 2018, Dean Martin's "Let It Snow" reached another important milestone in 2019: An official music video for the song was uploaded to YouTube in November. The full title of "Let It Snow" is a mouthful.Ĭahn and Styne's tune was first recorded in 1945 and released under the full title "Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" Today, the wordy title is commonly shortened to the simpler "Let It Snow." 4. Instead of heading to the beach, they decided to stay inside and write a song that would transport them to the winters of their youths. Lyricist Sammy Cahn and composer Jule Styne had to use their imaginations when writing "Let It Snow." The two were struggling to endure one of the hottest days on record in Southern California in July 1945. "Let It Snow" was written during a heatwave. So feel free to continue singing "Let It Snow" into the New Year and beyond. Fire, popcorn, and winter weather are all mentioned, none of which are uniquely Christmas-y. We hope that you enjoyed watching this music video and listening to Michael Bublé’s version of ‘Let It Snow."Let It Snow" has become a regular part of radio stations' holiday playlists, along with tracks like "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" and " All I Want for Christmas Is You." But unlike those songs, "Let It Snow" contains no references to Christmas. We hope that you enjoyed watching this music video and listening to Michael Bublé’s version of ‘Let It Snow.’ And may you have the most wonderful time celebrating the Christmas season with your loved ones this year! Other popular recordings are from Frank Sinatra when he released it in 1948, and Dean Martin when he released it in 1959. This music video celebrates the 10th anniversary of Michael Bublé releasing this version of ‘Let It Snow’ on his Christmas album. Merry Christmas!” writes another person online. “This song is always so cozy, Bublé just fits. It reassures me and fills my soul with love,” comments one person on YouTube after listening to ‘Let It Snow.’ “I love to listen to Michael Bublé's Christmas album in any season. The music video shows off a magical, winter wonderland, and the song is perfect for getting you in the holiday spirit! And towards the end of the video, Michael is singing in front of a Christmas tree all lit up, and there are a pair of Santa legs coming down the chimney. Later, the two go out to build a snowman. Michael Bublé is singing in a cozy living room with a woman beside him. In the music video, the first scene is of a record playing, and then it transitions to a scene of a snow-covered house. The lights are turned way down low, let it snow, let it snow, let it snow” Man, it doesn't show signs of stopping, and I've brought me some corn for popping “Oh the weather outside is frightful, but the fire is so delightfulĪnd since we've no place to go, let it snow, let it snow, let it snow The Finnish long time series of hydrological measurements, the new types of data acquired with modern technology, as well as the digital twins that the Freshwater Competence Centre is currently building, will benefit this research by providing detailed understanding of the short-term processes. The Global coverage and long-time series of satellite imaginary allow now for detecting the migration for decades back. A dam removal will be completed soon at Kuusinki river, so it offers a great nearby site to study the impact of dam removal on the meanders. One interesting Finnish example site in Elina Kasvi’s opinion is Kuusinki river, which is branch of Oulanka river. Elina Kasvi and Doctoral candidate Linnea Blåfield in the field. It is not an easy task to see the effects, as the processes are in essence very slow. Rivers with different types of environmental and anthropogenic pressures were chosen in order to find some answers to the remaining questions on the meandering process, how for example land use change or deforestation may affect the meanders. In Finland, at least Pulmanki and Oulanka rivers will be studied together with the Fresh Water Competence Centre. The sites range from Tanzania to France, Poland and China. The four-year academy fellow project will study meandering rivers globally This is a question that is of great interest to the populations living along the famous and tightly inhabited meandering rivers, like the Amazon, Mississippi River or one of the study sites, the Yellow river. The water level and flow are definitely driving factors but what causes the river all of a sudden to flow through and cut off the meander? In some studies, the cutoffs have been perceived to occur in series of many incidents within a relatively short time frame and then the river stabilizes again – but what sets off this process and can human or climate forcing disturb the process? The main idea of her research is to study how the changing climatic and environmental conditions may change the evolution of the meanders. It is still not fully understood, there are some unanswered questions on what the factors are, controlling the evolution of the meanders, Kasvi explains. And yet their formation is following the same pattern everywhere – this formation has been of great interest of scientists for a long time. For example, Pulmanki is an old fjord that got filled with sandy sediments during the Holocene ice retreat.” Elina Kasvi at river Oulanka, driving the unmanned surface vehicle (USV) of University of Turku & the Freshwater Competence Centre.Įven though we don’t have many large meandering rivers in Finland, they can be found globally in variable geographic locations and climatic regions. We do see some meanders in the southern clay fields, but the more impressive meanders can be found in the North, at Oulanka, Ivalo and Pulmanki rivers. Finland is largely covered by superficial granite and moraine beds that prevent the forming of meanders. The landscape must also be quite flat and the flow slow – fast-flowing rivers with greater erosion forces do not form meanders. “Well, firstly, meandering rivers require a specific, thick and fine-grained soil to form on. What are meandering rivers, where are they found and how do they form? Most of us recognize the winding, slowly flowing river type, but why do some rivers meander instead of flowing straight towards the ocean? And why are they not so common in Finland? Elina Kasvi from University of Turku started her Finnish Academy fellowship in may 2023, to study the winding rivers. |
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